Carbon Ionic Bonds

carbon ionic bonds

Ionic Equilibrium: Solubility and PH Calculations $158.23 A celebrated classic in the field updated and expanded to include the latest computerized calculation techniques In 1964, James N. Butler published a book in which he presented some simple graphical methods of performing acid-base, solubility, and complex formation equilibrium calculations. Today, both the book and these methods have become standard for generations of students and professionals in fields ranging from environmental science to analytical chemistry. Named a "Citation Classic" by the Science Citation Index in 1990, the book, Ionic Equilibrium, continues to be one of the most widely used texts on the subject. So why tamper with near-perfection by attempting a revision of that classic? The reason is simple-- the recent rapid development and wide availability of personal computers. In the revised Ionic Equilibrium, Dr. Butler updates his 1964 work by abandoning the slide rule and graph paper for the PC spreadsheet. He also expands the original coverage with extensive material on basic principles and recent research. The first part of Ionic Equilibrium is devoted to the fundamentals of acid-base, solubility, and complex formation equilibria. In the second part, the author discusses oxidation-reduction equilibria, develops the principles of carbon dioxide equilibria, presents case studies demonstrating the ways in which carbon dioxide equilibria are used in physiology and oceanography, and explores the possibility of a pH scale for brines. The concluding chapter, written by David R. Cogley, gives examples of general computer programs that are capable of performing equilibrium calculations on systems of many components. Replete with real-world examples, details of important calculations, and practical problems, Ionic Equilibrium is an ideal course text for students of environmental chemistry, engineering, or health; analytical chemistry; oceanography; geochemistry; biochemistry; physical chemistry; and clinical chemistry. It is also a valuable working resource for professionals in those fields as well as industrial chemists involved with solution chemistry.

Organometallics 1: Complexes with Transition Metal-Carbon *S-Bonds $29.36 The field of organometallic chemistry has seen explosive growth over the last forty years. On a fundamental level, new structural and bonding concepts have been discovered, while applications range from catalysis to new synthetic methods. This succinct text outlines the main classes of transition metal organometallic complexes and introduces the reader to the chemistry of compounds with metal-carbon bonds: metal carbonyls, metal alkyls, and metal alkylidenes and alkylidynes. The synthetic methods leading to each class of compounds are illustrated with pertinent examples, followed by the discussion of characteristic structures and reactivity patterns. The book stresses general principles and relates the material to specific applications such as catalytic processes. This book is ideal for supplying a quick overview of the discipline to students of chemistry.

Organometallics 2: Complexes with Transition Metal-Carbon *P-Bonds $29.12 The interaction of transition metals with unsaturated molecules has led to fundamental insights in the nature of the chemical bond which, in turn, has provided the basis of important present-day applications such as transition metal mediated synthesis or homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This slim volume outlines the chemistry and discusses the bonding in of some of the most important classes of organometallic compounds: the complexes of transition metals with Pi-ligands such as alkenes, alkynes, arenes, and cyclopentadienyl and allyl ligands. The material covered follows on from Organometallics I which covers the chemistry of complexes with metal-carbon delta-bonds. Synthetic and reactivity aspects of each class of compounds are illustrated with pertinent examples from the recent chemical literature. Highlighted excursions relate the fundamental chemistry to current synthetic or catalytic applications. Undergraduates, graduate students and lecturers will find this book to be a wonderful resource.

Bonds $3.95 Everything you need to know about bonds Bonds are a key component in every portfolio, making it essential that investors understand what exactly they are and how they function. Getting Started in Bonds, Second Edition has been fully updated and revised to take into account the ever-changing bond market as well as the current economic environment. This new edition explains the fundamentals of bonds in clear, easy-to-understand language. It includes in-depth coverage of a variety of debt products, from Treasury notes to high-yield junk bonds and everything in between. This comprehensive guide is an essential primer for anyone who would like to invest in bonds but doesn't know where to start. Getting Started in Bonds, Second Edition uses straightforward, accessible language that will help readers understand even the most complicated bond issues. Sharon Wright (Byfield, MA) was, most recently, fixed-income sales director at Lehman Brothers. Previously, she was assistant vice president at Fidelity Capital Markets.

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Carbon $118 Carbon:

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Carbon Filter For EAC211TS $19 Fresh air starts with clean water. The EdgeStar High Velocity Portable Air Cooler (model EAC421) and Edgestar Portable Air Cooler w/ Ionic Air Purifier (model EAC210TS) now offer carbon filter cartridge packs that can be easily dropped into your air cooler's water reservoir to filter water before it is converted into potentially impure air. Because the air is humidified and cooled from water that may contain harmful chemicals or bacteria it is important to use this filtration to better ensure the cleanest elements are being emitted daily in your home or office.How does the carbon filtration system work? Just as most home water treatment systems contain carbon that filters the water we drink, these carbon packs of granulated activated carbon (GAC) continually filter water as it flows through the tiny carbon pieces. These carbon granules boast a positive charge that serves to not only attract, but also trap and absorb the negatively-charged contaminant ions that could potentially be ingested.Why filter your water and air? The use of carbon filtration packs can be effective in the removal of many volatile organic chemicals (VOC), pesticides, chlorine, radon, and trihalomethane (THM) compounds that often contain cancer causing carcinogens. These small cartridge packs are an inexpensive and convenient way to promote overall health and wellness in any environment.These carbon filtration packs should be replaced every 2-3 months, or as needed.

iONCARE USB Powered Ionic Air Purifier For Home and Office - Air Refresher(SMQ5638) $3.99 HighlightsIon Care is a USB-powered ionizer that uses a carbon fiber brush system to emit healthy negative ions into the air. By attaching themselves to air molecules and any impure particles in the air and negatively charge them, the emitted negative ions extremely purify the air and remove toxic substances including the dust, odors and molds,etc. Negative ions can also eliminate static, reduce EMI and help boost your energy and mood.FeaturesDensity of anion: 1 Million/cm³Rated voltage: DC 5V Rated power:＜0.3w Dimensions: 89.5 x 21.5 x 21.5mmPackage included: 1 x USB Ionic Air Purifier

Ionic Liquid $43.54 Ionic liquids, originally known as liquid electrolytes, ionic melts, ionic fluids, fused salts, liquid salts, or ionic glasses, is a term generally used to refer to salts that form stable liquids. Among other reasons, these liquid salts are of particular interest due to their extremely low- saturated vapor pressures. From a lay perspective: an IL is a salt that forms a liquid at some temperature -- and which does not evaporate the way 'ordinary' liquids do. This characteristic has substantial scientific and commercial implications. The entities comprising an IL are predominantly ions and ion-pairs. Ordinary table salt consists of sodium cations and chloride anions; when heated to several hundred degrees C, it melts into a liquid of mostly ions. While many combinations of bulkier and often more asymmetric organic ions also form well defined crystals, with well defined melting points, many instead form glasses prior to thermodynamically stable crystal lattice formation, where the crystallization kinetics are extremely slow. For example, the salt 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, melts at Tm = -21 C, pyridinium chloride.

Allotropic Materials by Element: Carbon Forms, Graphite, Lonsdaleite, Graphene, Activated Carbon, Allotropes of Carbon, Diamond-Li $24.72 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Carbon Forms, Graphite, Lonsdaleite, Carbon Fiber, Graphene, Activated Carbon, Allotropes of Carbon, Diamond-Like Carbon, Charcoal, Soot, Tunable Nanoporous Carbon, Graphite Oxide, Nuclear Graphite, Glassy Carbon, Carbon Nanofoam, Amorphous Carbon, Bamboo Charcoal, Aggregated Diamond Nanorod, Pyrolytic Carbon, Exfoliated Graphite Nano-Platelets, Binchtan, Atomic Carbon, Tricarbon, Colossal Carbon Tube, Kingsford, Chaoite, Cyclocarbon, Carbon Film. Excerpt: Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. It can be visualized as an atomic-scale chicken wire made of carbon atoms and their bonds. The name comes from graphite + -ene; graphite itself consists of many graphene sheets stacked together. The carbon-carbon bond length in graphene is about 0.142 nm. Graphene is the basic structural element of some carbon allotropes including graphite, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. It can also be considered as an infinitely large aromatic molecule, the limiting case of the family of flat polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons called graphenes. Graphene is an atomic-scale honeycomb lattice made of carbon atoms. Image of graphene in a transmission electron microscope. A simple, non-technical definition has been given in a recent review on graphene: Graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice, and is a basic building block for graphitic materials of all other dimensionalities. It can be wrapped up into 0D fullerenes, rolled into 1D nanotubes or stacked into 3D graphite. Previously, graphene was also defined in the chemical literature as follows: A single carbon layer of the graphitic structure can be considered as the final... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=911833

Carbon-Based Solids and Materials $161.9 It is well known that solid carbons can be found in various guises with different forms of bulk phases (graphites, diamonds and carbynes) as well as more molecular forms (fullerenes, nanotubes and graphenes) resulting from recent discoveries. The cause of this rich polymorphism is analyzed in the first part of this book (chapters 1-5) with the propensity of carbon atoms for forming different types of homopolar chemical bonds associated with variable coordination numbers. Precursor organic molecules and parent compounds are also described to establish specific links with this rich polymorphism. Then in a second part (chapters 6-10) a comparative review of the main classes of bulk physical properties is presented. This approach emphasizes in particular the electronic behavior of (pi) polyaromatic systems organized in plane and curved atomic sheets. Finally in a third part (chapters 11-15) the surface and interface characteristics are introduced together with the texture and morphology of these multiscale carbon materials. An overview of the main field of applications is related showing the large use and interest for these solids.

An Introduction to Ionic Liquids $45.1 The rapidly expanding field of ionic liquids is now a major topic of academic and industrial interest with numerous existing and potential applications. This is the first introductory book on ionic liquids and is aimed at students, teachers and others in the wider community of chemists and scientists who are unfamiliar with the topic. The book covers the following aspects: What are ionic liquids? Why do chemists find them interesting? An outline of the history of ionic liquids. The chemical and physical properties of ionic liquids. The existing and potential use of ionic liquids as "designer solvents" and advanced materials in organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry and a wide range fascinating applications.

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The Chemistry Companion $24.99 Like the author’s other companion books, The Chemistry Companion provides-high quality information in unique one-page-per-topic presentations that do not overburden and distract with excessive details. The book offers concise summaries of general chemistry concepts, easily accessible in a convenient, reader-friendly format. Suitable as an introduction or study guide, this companion presents the...

AP Chemistry: Bonding 1

Sweetener Explodes Internally – a Natural Alternative

If there were a contest for the best example of total disregard for human life the victor would be McNeil Nutritionals - makers of Splenda. Manufacturers of Vioxx and Lipitor would tie for a very distant second.

McNeil Nutritionals is the undisputed drug-pushing champion for disguising their drug Splenda as a sweetener. Regardless of its drug qualities and potential for side-effects, McNeil is dead set on putting it on every kitchen table in America. Apparently, Vioxx and Lipitor makers can't stoop so low as to deceptively masquerade their drug as a candy of sort. There is no question that their products are drugs and by definition come with negative side-effects. Rather than sell directly to the consumer, these losers have to go through the painful process of using doctors to prescribe their dangerous goods.

A keen student in corporate drug dealing, McNeil learned from aspartame and saccharine pushers that if a drug tastes sweet then let the masses eat it in their cake. First though, you have to create a facade of natural health. They did this using a cute trade name that kind of sounds like splendid and packaged it in pretty colors. Hypnotized, the masses were duped instantly. As unquestionably as a dog humps your leg, millions of diabetics (and non-diabetics) blindly eat sucralose under the trade name Splenda in place of real sugar (sucrose).

Splenda was strategically released on April fools day in 1998. This day is reserved worldwide for hoaxes and practical jokes on friends and family, the aim of which is to embarrass the gullible. McNeil certainly succeeded.

The splendid Splenda hoax is costing gullible Americans $187 million annually. (1) While many people "wonder" about the safety of Splenda they rarely question it. Despite its many "unknowns" and inherent dangers, Splenda demand has grown faster than its supply. No longer do I have to question my faith in fellow Man. He is not a total idiot, just a gullible one. McNeil jokesters are laughing all the way to the bank.

Splenda is not as harmless as McNeil wants you to believe. A mixture of sucralose, maltodextrine and dextrose (a detrimental simple sugar), each of the not-so-splendid Splenda ingredients has downfalls. Aside from the fact that it really isn't "sugar and calorie free," here is one big reason to avoid the deceitful mix...Think April fools day:

Splenda contains a potential poison

Splenda contains the drug sucralose. This chemical is 600 times sweeter than sugar. To make sucralose, chlorine is used. Chlorine has a split personality. It can be harmless or it can be life threatening.

In combo with sodium, chlorine forms a harmless "ionic bond" to yield table salt. Sucralose makers often highlight this worthless fact to defend its' safety. Apparently, they missed the second day of Chemistry 101 - the day they teach "covalent" bonds.

When used with carbon, the chlorine atom in sucralose forms a "covalent" bond. The end result is the historically deadly "organochlorine" or simply: a Really-Nasty Form of Chlorine (RNFOC).

Unlike ionic bonds, covalently bound chlorines are a big no-no for the human body. They yield insecticides, pesticides, and herbicides - not something you want in the lunch box of your precious child. It's therefore no surprise that the originators of sucralose, chemists Hough and Phadnis, were attempting to design new insecticides when they discovered it! It wasn't until the young Phadnis accidentally tasted his new "insecticide" that he learned it was sweet. And because sugars are more profitable than insecticides, the whole insecticide idea got canned and a new sweetener called Splenda got packaged.

To hide its origin, Splenda pushers assert that sucralose is "made from sugar so it tastes like sugar." Sucralose is as close to sugar as Windex is to ocean water.

The RNFOC poses a real and present danger to all Splenda users. It is risky because the RNFOC confers a molecule with a set of super powers that wreak havoc on the human body. For example, Agent Orange, used in the U.S Army's herbicidal warfare program, is a RNFOC. Exposure can lead to Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkins lymphoma as well as diabetes and various forms of cancer! Other shocking examples are the war gas phosgene, chlordane and lindane. (2) The RNFOC is lethal because it allows poisons to be fat soluble while rendering the natural defense mechanisms of the body helpless.

A poison that is fat soluble is akin to a bomb exploding internally. It invades every nook and cranny of the body. Cell walls and DNA - the genetic map of human life - become nothing more than potential casualties of war when exposed. Sucralose is only 25% water soluble. (3) Which means a vast majority of it may explode internally. In general, this results in weakened immune function, irregular heart beat, agitation, shortness of breath, skin rashes, headaches, liver and kidney damage, birth defects, cancer, cancer and more cancer - for generations! (1)

McNeil asserts that their studies prove it to be safe for everyone, even children. That's little assurance. Learning from the Vioxx debacle (and many others highlighted in my book Health Myths Exposed) which killed tens of thousands, we know that studies can be bought and results fabricated.

Some things are worth dying for. Splenda is not one of them. What people think of as a food is a drug or slow poison - little distinction there. It wouldn't be wise to bet your health on it. If safe, sucralose would be the first molecule in human history that contained a RNFOC fit for human consumption. This fact alone makes sucralose questionable for use as a sweetener, if not instantly detrimental to our health. Only time will tell. Until then, Ill stick to the safe and naturally occurring stevia plant to satisfy my occasional sweet tooth in 2007.

Be forewarned though, as long as drugs can be legally disguised as sweeteners, watch out for drugs being disguised as vitamins...Oh wait, they are already doing that - think Lipitor.

References

1. Joseph Mercola, Kendra Pearsall. Sweet Deception. Nelson Books. ISBN: 0785221794. Copyright 2006.

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_orange

3. Caroline W. Sham. Splenda - A Safe and Sweet Alternative to Sugar. Nutrition Bytes. 2005. Vol. 10. Issue 2. Article 5.

About the Author

Shane Ellison holds a master's degree in organic chemistry and has first-hand experience in drug design. After abandoning his career as a medical chemist, he dedicated himself to stopping prescription-drug hype. He is an internationally recognized authority on therapeutic nutrition and author of Health Myths Exposed, The Hidden Truth about Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs and The AM-PM Fat Loss Discovery. Get his FREE Secret Cures newsletter and foundational education at
www.thepeopleschemist.com